Alzheimer s Disease Is Caused By Genetic Lifestyle /...

For most people. Alzheimer’s disease is caused by genetic lifestyle/environmental factors which can affect the brain over time Sometimes (Less than 5% of the time) it is caused by genetic changes. Still not fully understood-effects on the brain is clear. Damages and kills brain cells. Brain affected by it has many fewer cells and connections with surviving cells More brain cells die=brain shrinkage. When doctors examine brain tissue-they find two types of abnormalities Plaques. Clumps of protein-beta amyloid. Can damage and destroy brain cells in many ways such as interfering with cell communication. But, the real cause of cell death is not known-these protein clumps are a suspect Tangles. Brain cells depend on internal support†¦show more content†¦Forget conversations, appointments or events, and not recalling them later Frequently misplacing possessions and putting them in weird places Getting lost in places that are familiar to them. After a while forgetting familiar people and objects as well. Trouble finding things and expressing their thoughts in conversations Thinking and reasoning Causes difficulty concentrating and thinking overall usually about math. Multitasking can be very difficult and patients usually forget financing responsibilities. Making judgments and decisions Responding to everyday problems. Such as accidents in the car or on the stove. Planning and performing familiar tasks Usually routine activities take steps to do and even then are a struggle through the progression. Eventually people will forget how to perform basic tasks Changes in personality and behavior Brain changes can also affect Alzheimer s patients. Patients may have†¦. Depression Apathy Social withdrawal Mood swings Distrust Irritability aggressiveness Changes in sleeping habits Wandering Loss of inhibitions Delusions Important skills such as dancing, singing, enjoy old songs, engaging in hobbies, telling stories, and reminisce. Information learned earlier in life are the latest to be lost because these abilities get lost as the disease progresses. The part of the brain that has this information is affected

Written Response For Buddhism Response - 1607 Words

Gloria Otomewo Eric Weber Phil 112 Test 3 09/30/2017 Written Response for Buddhism 1. Legend says the Buddha was originally born Siddhartha Gautama and his father was a prince of the Shakya tribe. The legend is that he was conceived after his mother’s â€Å"miraculous† encounter with a white elephant and his mother passed on a week after his birth. His father took great measures to prepare Siddhartha to succeed him. Raised in a life of luxury and affluence, things changed when he visited a nearby town and saw suffering first hand. According to the legend, Siddhartha at the age of 29 after a moment of realization decided to leave home (The Great Going Forth). He left the luxury of home taking nothing with him and set forth into the world to seek†¦show more content†¦Lastly Suffering or Sorrow. According to the text, this refers to the fact that life, when lived in a typical manner can never be fully satisfying because of its constant change. Even in the midst of pleasure, we are always aware that pleasure is short-lived. The Sanskrit word for this is duhkha. Buddha rejected the notion of a permanent soul but believed in rebirth. Buddhism proposes that certain elements of personality (not necessarily a soul) that make up an individual can recombine and continue from one lifetime to another while karma determines how an individual will be reborn and his/her life’s circumstances. (pages 131-132) 3. (a) The Eightfold Path and its eight â€Å"steps† are the foundation of a program that the Buddha believed will lead people towards liberation from the impermanence and suffering of reality. It is also known as the middle way because it is a path of moderation between self-indulgence and asceticism as previously stated in question (1). (page 134). (b) In Buddhist teaching, To Live Is to Suffer simply means that being alive and having a body means that we as humans have to deal with the uncertainty of the future and our inability to change the past. We get to experience the many feelingsShow MoreRelatedAp World History Dbq Buddhism1014 Words   |  5 PagesBuddhism began by Buddha himself preaching his enlightenment message on his view on the world and how humans should, and the best way to, succeed in the world. However in the 6th century BCE the government had fallen and there was period of instability until the Sui Dynasty took over, during this period was when Buddhism began to majorly spread. After the fall of the Han dynasty, there were many responses to the spread of Buddhism throughout China between the 6th century BCE and 570 CE. BuddhismRead MoreSpread of Buddhism in China834 Words   |  3 Pages Buddhism arrived in China by the first century C.E. by way of the Silk Road. Initially, the spread of Buddhism was me t with positivity, but as the centuries passed, the Chinese began to view it in a negative light. Additionally, during a period of disunity and political instability, the Chinese peasants welcomed Buddhism, but as Buddhism became more popular, Chinese aristocracy and government saw it as a threat to their power and moved to discredit its movement. Documents 1, 2, and 5 positivelyRead MoreAp World Dbq 2004772 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough Buddhism began in India, it gradually transferred to China in the 200s. There, it was met by mixed reviews in all classes. Some dynasties preferred its philosophy and promise of afterlife to the rigid Confucian ideals that were previously imposed although the Chinese turned to Buddhism for it promises of eternal enlightenment during times of hardship and invasion, the period that followed led to many attempts to reconcile the religion with the traditional Confucianism, increasing many viewsRead MoreChin The Four Noble Truths1353 Words   |  6 Pa gesthe spread of Buddhism. Before this new way of life could take hold, however, the Chinese people had to learn the teachings of Buddha, such as the first sermon preached by Buddha in the fifth century B.C.E., known as â€Å"The Four Noble Truths.† Although Buddhism eventually became popular throughout China, there was opposition to the new beliefs and Chinese people struggled with replacing their old beliefs, such as Confucianism and Taoism, with this new, strange belief system. In response, Chinese scholarsRead MoreThe Response to the Spread of Buddhism in China Differed According to Ones Social Position594 Words   |  3 PagesThe response to the spread of Buddhism in China differed according to one’s social position. Confucian scholars and the emperor attacked Buddhism as an outlandish, barbaric belief. â€Å"The Memorial of Buddhism† written by Han Yu, a Confucian scholar, opposes Buddhism when the emperor decides to bring â€Å"the finger bone of Buddha† into the Chinese palace. He shows the unjust actions of the emperor by referring back to Confucian teachings such as keeping â€Å"[ghosts and spirits] at a distance†. The scholarRead MoreChanges and Innovations in Japanese Literature in the Medieval Era951 Words   |  4 Pageswarfare not seen to that extent before. A significant feature, if not the most significant feature, of the Kamakura Period is the increased presence of Buddhist teachings and ideas within texts, permeating its way through all types lf literature in response to the religious immersion throughout Japan from the continent. Beginning with the most trivial of changes, new technical aspects have been added to poetry by the writers in the Shinkokinshu: honkadori, taigendome, and the multiple consecutiveRead MoreSummary Of Genji : A Lover Who Transcends The Boundary Of The Heian Court1596 Words   |  7 Pages Although the tale was written about and intended for a small audience of about 5,000, readership has extended globally, influencing writers and relating to contemporary readers. It is read, interpreted, and taught in various forms of analytical literature and serves as a model for literary production for adaptations and translations and re-creation in such media as painting, drama, books, fashion, food, design, musicals, films, animation, and comics (Shirane 9). Written for the high-ranking classRead MoreBuddhism, The Eightfold Path, Nirvana, And The Wheel Of Dharma1580 Words   |  7 PagesI was born in Nepal, and I lived there for the first twelve years of my life. While there, I went to school and studied Buddhism. I learned about his life and the philosophies he kept and practiced. Also, I learned that he was a great leader with great ideas. Some of these ideas are the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold path, Nirvana, fundamental wisdoms, the theory of karma and rebirth, the five precepts, and the Wheel of Dharma. These have influenced many people over the past twenty-five centuriesRead MoreThe Origins And Central Beliefs Of Islam1735 Words   |  7 PagesThree Theologies for Thee The origins and central beliefs of Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity should be common knowledge to understand our world today and its history. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that professes that there is only one god. Muhammad is the last messenger of the god Allah. It’s the world’s fastest growing religion and the second largest in the world. Muslims make up 23% of the world’s population. Islam teaches that Allah is peaceful, all-minded, and unique, and he hasRead MoreEssay about Buddhist Religion Experience: Personal Narrative1521 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to my interview with the Buddhist that instructed the meditation service, every Monday and Friday they have a meditation service for the 16th Karmapa meditation from 8:00pm to 8:30pm. This center is part of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism (Anonymous). Upon arriving, I realized that it was in someone’s home. Many Buddhist offer their homes for Buddhist centers and are unpaid for their services. However, they do accept donations. Before entering the house, we had to remove our shoes

OU vs. U French Pronunciation

The letter u is one of the most difficult sounds in the French language, at least for English speakers, both to pronounce and to distinguish from ou. Some tips and sound files can help you hear the difference and say the words correctly. Sounds Like Soup In French, ou is pronounced more or less like the ou in soup. The French u, on the other hand, has no English equivalent: The closest sound is also the ou in soup, but the  u sound  is created further forward in the mouth. The following words are pronounced the same except for the vowel, so you will be able to see how the different pronunciations can make a very big difference in meaning. The words are grouped by alphabetical sections to make locating them easier and paired, with the u word listed first and the ou term  second.   Bu Through Joue Click on the words to hear how each one is pronounced. When two words are listed on the same line, they are homophones (pronounced identically). bu - past participle  of boire (to drink)   |    le but - goalla boue - mud   |   le bout - tip la bà »che - logla bouche - mouth le bureau - desk, officele bourreau - torturer le cul - ass   |   q - the letter qle cou - neck   |   le coup - blow dessus - on topdessous - underneath du - contraction of de le   |   dà » - past participle of devoir (to have to)doux - sweet eu - past participle of avoir (to have)   |   u - the letter uou - or   |   oà ¹ - where je jure - I swearle jour - day le jus - juicela joue - cheek Lu Through Pour From  lu, the past participle of  lire  (to read), to  pour  (for), youll find major differences in meaning depending or whether u or ou are used in various French words. lu - past participle of lire (to read)le loup - wolfmà » - past participle of mouvoir (to move)   |   la mue - moltingmou - soft   |   la moue - poutnu - nakednous - we, uspu - past  participle of pouvoir  (power)  Ã‚  |   Ãƒ §a  pue  - that smells (from  puer)   un pou - lousela puce - fleale pouce - thumb   |   la pousse - sproutle pull - sweaterla poule - henpur - purepour - for La Rue Through Vous Pairing u with r (and e) yields the word street—rue—in French, but adding ou to that same combination of letters creates the word  roue  (wheel). la rue - streetla roue - wheelle russe - Russianrousse - red-headed  su - past participle of savoir (to know)un sou - cent   |   sous - undertu - you   |   tu - past participle of taire (to be quiet)   |   il tue - he kills (from tuer)tout - all   |   la toux - coughle tutu - tutu (ballet skirt)le toutou - doggievu - past participle of voir (to see)   |   la vue - viewvous - you

Entrepreneurial Success - 737 Words

Entrepreneurs ONE: What kind of person tends to be successful as an entrepreneur? In the book Small Business Management: An Entrepreneurial Emphasis, the authors portray an entrepreneur as confident of his or her abilities, as a risk taker because often they use their own cash, because if they have left a secure position with a company they are placing their family at some risk albeit the kinds of risks an entrepreneur takes is considered moderate (Longenecker, et al, 2005, p. 16). Moreover, the authors offer six categories to describe the traits, skills, and other aspects of the proto-typical entrepreneur. Those six categories include: a) commitment and determination (entrepreneurs are tenacious, decisive, and persistent); b) leadership (entrepreneurs are team builders and they are honest in their business relationships); c) opportunity obsessive (entrepreneurs are acutely aware of customer needs and market realities); d) tolerant of risk, ambiguity, and uncertainty (see risk-taker above); e) Cre ativity, self-reliance, ad adaptability (being flexible, open-minded, and uncomfortable with the status quo defines an entrepreneur); and e) motivated to excel (being goal-oriented and fully aware of their own flaws and weaknesses is important) (Longenecker, 16). Are entrepreneurs working in corporations different? According to Morris, et al, some managers that act out entrepreneurial behaviors in a revolutionary manner tend to cross the line of good judgmentShow MoreRelatedEntrepreneurial Spirit950 Words   |  4 PagesThe three pillars of GCUs College of Business are Entrepreneurial Spirit, Innovation and Servant Leadership. These are three key characteristics that are critical in building a strong foundation for students to succeed in their professional growth and in business. This paper reviews each of these pillars and how they apply personally to my work environment and career development. Entrepreneurial Spirit The entrepreneurial spirit is composed of multiple characteristics including but not limitedRead MoreThe World Is Flat By Thomas Friedman1220 Words   |  5 PagesSome of the way these firms are achieving this is through vertical integration, acquisition and using a Greenfield approach. This is successful because Indian workers are already used to a very diverse workforce. Another approach that is gaining success is firms being pocket multinationals meaning that acquire small businesses abroad and use those small businesses to maintain a presence. A benefit of being a pocket multinational is having access to new technology, products and markets but mergingRead MoreSlowly Evolving Organizations Face Extinction1905 Words   |  8 PagesPinkett: â€Å"The Entrepreneur’s Mindset† This video is about Randall Pinkett who first introduces himself about how he always had the entrepreneurial spirit when he was a kid selling lemonade and his toys and during his college years selling relic. He won the fourth season of Apprentice and is the chairman and CEO of BCT company. His speech will be focusing about the entrepreneurial mindset and the two reasons why it is important which is that we are in a tough economic time where those who survive are thoseRead MoreTypes Of Company Traits That Builds And Sustain Companies Growth1459 Words   |  6 Pagesimprove chances for survival. Multiple studies on business success have found similar traits shared by successful companies. A global quantitative research is suggested for more accurate results of successful characteristics. Companies’ Success and Failure Based on Traits A study by Kelly (1997), surveyed 30 companies that have survived for over 75 years. The study showed that organizations which survived the longest achieve long-term success and sustainability through harmony and adaptation, expandingRead MoreSavvy Entrepreneurial Firm991 Words   |  4 PagesSavvy Entrepreneurial Firm Starting a business requires many factors to be successful. The desire to be one’s own boss, pursue one’s own idea or for financial rewards; all must be done with savvy and persistence. Failure should not be an option but a learning process that guides future decisions. We see in the case of the Savvy Entrepreneurial Firm the tenacity and persistence against all odds to survive and be successful because the entrepreneurs were passionate and believed their product wouldRead MoreA Powerful Philosophy Of The Sacramento Technology Industry1444 Words   |  6 Pagesthat enhance your own quality of life financially, socially, or otherwise. Helping the community, however, entails that one does or accomplishes things that enhance the quality of life for others. It is the inability to balance personal success with community success that seems to create a division within the American upper class. There are those who only succeed personally, and there are also those who succeed p ersonally and look out for the well-being of others. Both groups live lavish lifestylesRead MoreEntrepreneurial Opportunity Analysis736 Words   |  3 PagesEntrepreneurial Opportunity: Existing Product, Emerging Market Entrepreneurial opportunities can be found through many sources, but the entrepreneurs own observations are often the most valuable. This includes market knowledge generated as a consumer, such as the authors consumer knowledge of the marijuana industry (Hisrich, Peters, Shepherd, 2013). With this knowledge, the author has been able to identify a need for a heated tool for use with concentrates, both at the manufacturing and consumerRead MoreJim Collins : A Successful Habits Of Visionary Companies987 Words   |  4 Pagescultivate and remain successful as a company, entrepreneurs are to already have this great idea. If not, it will bound to fail, after all there is no formal planning behind it to support and foster success. However, as pointed out, it is often the case that visionary companies experience low entrepreneurial success from the start, yet in the long term they proof to be successful. This is because having or waiting for a great idea shifts away the focus of creating a company. In the second shattered mythRead MoreFocus On Improved Entrepreneurial Spirit1035 Words   |  5 PagesFocus On Improved Entrepreneurial Spirit to Generate Higher Taxes By Mwangi Wanjumbi During a recent talent alignment seminar Gregg, a Kenyan of British origin shared some interesting experiences. The non-governmental organizational executive had proceeded abroad on a month’s business trip. Alongside, he temporarily delegated his responsibilities to Monica, his wife, who is also a colleague at work. But upon his return, Gregg was disturbed that operations had not been as smooth as he could haveRead MoreThe Success Of Success At School1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe average student in a developed country spends 17.7 years in school. Generally, their success within these years of learning is measured by their grades and development but rarely on success in their careers after school. However, despite what many teachers stress to their students, being successful in school does not ensure a successful career in business as this success requires different skills and personality traits. A narrow view is often taken where only western countries are compared. When

The importance of the pop video in promoting and marketing the work of pop stars or bands Free Essays

Explain the importance of the pop video in promoting and marketing the work of pop stars or bands. Refer briefly to the development of genre over time. Music videos are an important marketing tool for the music artists and their record labels, offering a huge amount of visibility that can be cheaply and swiftly put into a wide range of television programmes. We will write a custom essay sample on The importance of the pop video in promoting and marketing the work of pop stars or bands or any similar topic only for you Order Now An interesting or memorable video can also enhance the popularity of the song, causing it to become an even bigger success and therefore selling more copies of the song, as with AHA- Take on me. Their song sank without a trace until released with a great video, making an astounding comeback. The pop video also means that instead of having to listen for new bands on the radio or from friends, you can watch for them on the television. There are many channels now thriving from the business of pop videos, such as MTV, giving artists permanent places to be seen and heard, therefore selling more music. One of the early pop videos was bohemian rhapsody by queen, being just them on stage with some digitally added features also. But now as the genre has evolved, so has the video aspect, with special effects, famous movie directors and time and money being used. Thriller by Michael Jackson has a short movie which cost i700000 to make, but sold 50000000 copies. 205 words Analyse the appeal of a specific pop/rock video as a marketing tool for the record company, you might like to explore: who owns the record company the artists’ record is released on; how the video was commissioned and made; how the video fits in the marketplace in which it was released; where the video has been shown. Blur – coffee and T. V. was written and sung by the band’s guitarist Graham coxon. This video helps market the song to the targeted audience (teens), using an interesting animated milk carton. Although the song is about a lost son, and the family looking for him, it’s made less realistic and therefore less boring by substituting the milk carton for a person. Teens can relate more easily to a cartoon, and something quirky and original like this becomes a sensation fast, leaving the video and song as a must-see, must-have! This video is further aimed towards teens by showing it on modern music channels (MTV, kerrang, etc). The record is released on EMI, a record company owned by Thorn EMI, which is also interested in lighting, retail outlets, computer software and appliances. Interesting and memorable videos can be a much better marketing tool than the song can, such as coffee and T. V. where it’s a mini story, with a beginning, middle and end. You can see this as it still makes sense with no song. The video in this case made the song so popular that it was released as a single the same year it was released on album. Further proving just how a video can make all the difference in earnings for the record company. Even with the popularity of the video and song though, blur is promoted and represented with little reference to the company itself, only a mention at the beginning of the song under the name. But this doesn’t matter as long as the video is seen by lots of people. This video was a real hit because of the aspect of being free, and away from home for teens, and also the cute, everyday item with life of its own – this became a sensation across Britain. 01 words Create a hand- drawn or photo story board for a pop video, focusing on the key moments rather than every line of the lyrics. You should imagine you have been commissioned by a record company: you could include the brief given by the company and your evaluation of the finished product, focusing on how successful a marketing tool you think your video will be. I think that my video will be a successful marketing tool for th e song it will accompany. This is because the target audience will be teens, and the video features a real- life teen scenario. It’s about the struggle of a boy trying to get a girl he likes to notice him, and eventually they ‘fall in love’. This will appeal to teens as it’s their age group shown, but also because it shows a very real situation, and brings forward one of the biggest parts of a teen’s life; dating. This will interest teens as it’s something they can relate to, and an interesting topic that could possibly help them with dating. The close- ups in the video take us almost into the mind of the character, and as we only let people we trust get that close, they make for an intimate shot. This is an attention-grabbing shot and makes you concentrate on the video. Also, split screen is used to show what each character is doing at the same time, i. e. there is one where they are passing each other, and you can see both their faces. These shots are interesting also, as you get 2 different points of view, showing the ‘first indications’ of romance in one case. The rest of the video is basically long and medium shots of the characters going about their lives, with the boy in love with this girl. This supports the lyrics, and echoes them in a visual image that will help the song tenfold by providing an interesting video. This will stick in the minds of teens for the reason that it’s part of their lives. I think this easy to understand, and relate-to love- flick video will help teens feel involved in the artists songs, therefore boosting sales. How to cite The importance of the pop video in promoting and marketing the work of pop stars or bands, Papers

Corporate Governance Practices At Reliance Media Industries Limited

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance Practices At Reliance Media Industries. Answer: Recommendations that are based on corporate governance practices at Reliance Media Industries Limited Company Corporate governance refers to a system that comprises of practices, processes, and rules through which a company or an organization is both controlled and directed. Essentially, Corporate Governance normally comprises of an act that ensures the interests of the company as well of its numerous stakeholders such as customers, management, shareholders, the community, government, financiers, and suppliers are well balanced. Based on the corporate governance report of Reliance media industries, it is quite apparent that there are various practices that are embraced by the company in order to ensure that it maintains a positive and valuable working relationship with its numerous stakeholders (Madhani, 2014). For instance, reliance media makes use of various corporate governance practices that include among others use of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through offering donations, giving environmental funds, and ensuring that it treats employees in a better way to empower them give ba ck to their respective communities or societies. That apart, Reliance Media Industries in its endeavor to embrace corporate governance also makes use of various committees, reports, and other transparent documents in order to ensure that the highest levels of corporate governance are upheld by the company (Larcker Tayan, 2015). The use of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by Reliance Media to promote Corporate Governance Practices in the Company Reliance Media Company embraces Corporate Governance by ensuring that it has put in place a committee with clear terms of reference. Among other responsibilities and terms required by the committee, they include: Formulation and recommendation towards the board an effective CSR responsibility that depicts the various activities which should be undertaken by the organization in compliance with the provisions which have been stipulated in the Companies Act 2012 and the rules that are made there under. Recommend the amount of expenditure that should be incurred or spend in the CSR activities. Monitor implementation of CSR policy of Reliance Media limited from time to time. Approval of Corporate Sustainability reports and also oversees the effective implementation of numerous sustainability activities such as conservation of the environment (Shah Ramamoorthy, 2014). How Reliance Media Limited uses Corporate Social Responsibility in embracing Governance Practices The Use of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) It is prudent to note that Reliance Media limited usually ensures that Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR is actually at the core of its CSR philosophy and it has continued to ensure that this becomes a top priority. For instance the companys CSR teams at the manufacturing department positively and regularly interact with the neighboring community in various areas or divisions such as in health, development of infrastructure, and in education (Lattemann, 2014). The company( Reliance Media Limited) through its manufacturing department thus ensures that the communities around them are not only provided with safe drinking water but enjoy benefits that emanate from enhanced village infrastructure as well as construction of schools in the neighborhood. That apart, Reliance media also engages in positive CSR through donation of relief as well as general assistance in circumstances where there is occurrence of any natural disasters within such communities. In collaboration with numerous Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other relevant partners, Reliance Media Limited also gets involved in various health initiatives and community development activities (Singh Verma, 2014). The company, Reliance Media Limited, is highly interested in ensuring that there is conservation of the environment and therefore it has ensured that funds are allocated towards this worthy cause. For instance, Reliance Media has ensured that funds are set aside to be used in various environmental activities such as tree plantation, effluent treatment, and even in treatment of hazardous wastes. Better Employees One of the significant endeavors that have been made by Reliance Media in order to embrace Corporate Governance is that it has ensured that its employees are well treated. This has been made possible through the establishment of the Employee Stock Option Scheme. This is actually one of the broadest programs that has so far been quite successful in the company and is known to cover a large number of employees (Yadav Jain, 2016). This has indeed played a significant role in enhancing corporate governance at Reliance Media Limited. This program is quite important for employees at Reliance Media because it effectively facilitates not only the delegation o authority in the company but it also ensures that both integrity and governance are well maintained. Moreover, this program is quite prudent for the company because it has ensured that there is total alignment and integration of individual interests with the companys growth imperatives. The use of Committees in embracing Corporate Governance at Reliance Media Limited Reliance Media Company has a constant endeavor of ensuring that there is adoption of the best governance practices as stipulated in the International Codes of Corporate Governance and as it is effectively practices by renowned global companies in the world. Apart from the fact that the company uses Corporate Social responsibilities and transparent reports in order to enhance corporate governance in its realms, it is important to note that the company also makes use of a committee to ensure its goals and objectives are well achieved (Taylor, 2015). For instance, Reliance Media limited actually has an independent Board Committee that not only deals with matters or issues to do with Corporate Governance and Stakeholders Interface but also deals with the nomination of its Board members. The Use of Reports and Transparencies by Reliance Media in Corporate Governance Practices Using of appropriate reports and transparent records is one of the major ways that Reliance Media Company uses in order to enhance Corporate Governance practices. For instance, Reliance Media not only has a designated Lead Independent Director that has a defined role, but it also ensures that there is a constant review of all the appropriate securities related filings with the Stock Exchanges (Yadava Sinha, 2016). In addition to that, all the securities are also reviewed after every quarter by investors as well as the Shareholders Grievance Committee that comprises of the companys Directors. In addition to that, Reliance Media Limited has also developed procedures and policies to enhance disclosures thus embracing corporate governance practices. References Larcker, D., Tayan, B. (2015). Corporate governance matters: A closer look at organizational choices and their consequences. Pearson Education. Lattemann, C. (2014). On the convergence of corporate governance practices in emerging markets. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 9(2), 316-332. Madhani, P. M. (2014). Corporate governance and disclosure practices of Indian firms: An industry perspective. Shah, S., Ramamoorthy, V. E. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility: The Indian Story Comes a Full Circle. In Soulful Corporations (pp. 199-235). Springer India. Singh, A., Verma, P. (2014). CSR@ 2%: A new model of corporate social responsibility in India. Taylor, K. (2015). Learning from the Co-operative Institutional Model: How to Enhance Organizational Robustness of Third Sector Organizations with More Pluralistic Forms of Governance. Administrative Sciences, 5(3), 148-164. Yadav, R. K., Jain, R. (2016). Customer's Perception Towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)-A Case Study of Reliance Life Insurance. World Scientific News, 42, 267. Yadava, R. N., Sinha, B. (2016). Scoring Sustainability Reports Using GRI 2011 Guidelines for Assessing Environmental, Economic, and Social Dimensions of Leading Public and Private Indian Companies. Journal of Business Ethics, 138(3), 549-558.

Child abuse and Neglect

Question: Discuss about the Child abuse and Neglect. Answer: Introduction: Child abuse is the maltreatment in which a child is physically, sexually and emotionally harassed or neglected either by parents or caregiver. The actions and failure to act by the parents or the caregivers would result in physical harm, emotional or psychological distress (Damashek and Chaffin 2012). The child maltreatment includes the neglect, physical or sexual abuse, emotional abuse or exploitation (Sperry and Widom 2013). According to World Health Organization, child abuse is defined as the physical and emotional ill treatment, negligence or exploitation that affects the childs health, development, survival or dignity in context to relationships with parents or caregivers (World Health Organization 2014). World Health Organization recognizes child abuse as a major global problem that is impairing the lifelong physical and mental well being affecting their physical and social development (Stoltenborgh, Bakermans-Kranenburg and van IJzendoorn 2013). World Health Organization has d eveloped step wise policy development to prevent child abuse or neglect. There are several phases for the development of policy for child abuse or neglect. There are three main phases involving the planning, designing and leading of the policy, formulation of the policy, approval and proper endorsement of the policy tools (Gerston 2014). The policy development requires workforce, alternate care for children, and better access to resources of health to the children and the families for the implementation of protective services that are effective for the children (Hill 2014). The policy area also focuses on the justice system operating towards the victims of child abuse or health. The part one is the setting up the scene for studying the importance of development of policies for the child abuse or neglect. This phase also covers the relation of the policy to legislation, general considerations regarding the scope and demand for the child abuse or neglect prevention policy (Anderson 2014). It also takes into account the existing policies on child abuse or neglect mainstreaming and generation of policy on child abuse or neglect. The part two is the actual development of policy in response to child abuse or neglect (Birkland 2014). In the phase one, the initiation of the process of policy development takes place. It is a multi stage process. Firstly, there is assessment of the situation. It includes the statistics, global burden of child abuse or neglect and the overall scenario of child abuse affecting globally. Secondly, after the assessment, there is creation of awareness regarding the child abuse or neglect. During the third step, there is identification of l eadership and political commitment. The fourth step consists of the involvement of the stakeholders and creation of ownership. The phase two encompasses of the formulation of the policy (Kickbusch and Gleicher 2012). This phase consists of three steps; the first step comprises of the defining the framework, the second step is the setting of objectives and goals and the selection of intervention strategies to prevent the child abuse or neglect and the third step is the ensuring of the policy leading to action. The third phase is the seeking of approval from different stakeholders, government and endorsements from the state. Set up of the scene Child abuse is a serious offence and thousands of children fall a prey to abuse or neglect. Victims of child abuse suffer difficulties in their lives and hamper their physical, emotional and psychological development. The children are the foundation of a future generation and their disrupted development would greatly affect the development on a national level. The children who are under the age of 18 years experience physical, sexual and emotional maltreatment, negligence and exploitation that potentially affect the health, development, survival and dignity in children. About 14 million children are subjected to abuse as reported by International Statistics on child abuse (Pipe, Lamb, Orbach and Cederborg 2013). Global awareness is required in context to child abuse and World Health Organization is taking initiatives through the meetings, setting up of policies and different prevention strategies on child abuse or neglect. The child abuse related rules and regulations are being addresses by every country to create awareness, take steps to prevent it by sharing common objectives, visions and strategies (Allwood and Widom 2013). The main focus is the formulation of policies which focuses the attention on the child abuse or neglect issue to obtain optimum resources that are required to address the issue. The policy development should also lead to the appropriations of the legislatives and making of a solid budget for allocation. The child abuse policy would initiate community and national level interventions that would avoid the overlapping and gaps in the development of programs. The policy on child abuse or neglect is basically a written document that mentions the joint actions taken by the government and nongovernmental organizations. The policy is made with an intention to create awareness, mutual understanding about the seriousness of the present situation on child abuse, articulation of the ethical principles that clearly states and justify the guide action (Blank and Burau 2013). It also generates vision on the undertaken actions, action framework, and the definition of institutional responsibilities and coordination mechanisms that engages a variety of organizations. It is considered as a set of principles that guide the decision making and proposed framework for the activities. Concisely, the child abuse or neglect policy is a document that chalks out the basic principles, defining goals, objectives, actions that are prioritized, mechanisms for controlling and preventing the child abuse or neglect injuries and reduction of the related physical and men tal consequences. The child abuse is measured in a range of situations that define the reasons. The emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse, family violence and sexual abuse are the types of child abuse. The emotional abuse is the emotional and psychosocial abuse of the child. Some parents are emotionally abuse or be violent while treating their children. Children can be emotionally abused at homes as well as in schools. In Australia, child neglect refers to the situations in which the childs needs are not fulfilled by the parents or the caregivers in context to food, shelter, and clothing, access to medical care, love, support and education. The physical abuse in Australia is encountered in domestic violence in Australia and parents physically abuse their children. The Australian community is raising recognition in terms of child abuse or neglect. The policy is related to legislation as it gets ratified in becoming the part of the legislation. The introduction of new laws that formulate a policy establishing a system at the national level for the prevention of child abuse or neglect and the development of the policy is the most important step (Widom, Czaja and DuMont 2015). The only difference lies between a policy and legislation is that policy is not a legal document and legislation consists of laws enacted by law makers. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child imposes implications for the protection of child from abuse or neglect. The policy document signing shows the willingness of the countries to abide by the proposed set goals and principles. The ratification and signing of international treaty that provides a framework that is legal and applied to governments at the national levels that helps in increasing the accountability, policy development, legislative reform and provide a supportive environment f or the child abuse or neglect prevention. The civil societies also use the international agreements to advocate reformations in the laws for the countries. The World Health Assembly resolutions are adopted by regional committees, World Health Organization in the making of policy by the policy makers that lays the foundation for political support in making of national policies. The health sector plays an important role in taking care for the child abuse victims and not necessarily considering the prevention of the child abuse or neglect. The leadership role comprises of the assessment of the initial situation, raising awareness among the government partners, advocate and create, draft policies. The ministry of health collects data from the sectors and provides evidence based research is the catalytic role. The coordinating role is the main function to overcome the barriers that are institutional between the sectors and provide a collaborative environment. It also provides a supportive role by improving the hospital based data for better monitoring of the evaluation methods. If the political leaders are made aware regarding the seriousness of the child abuse or neglect problem, then the ground is set for the creation of national policy on the child abuse or neglect. Development of policy in response to child abuse or neglect The execution of policy development occurs in three phases. The initiation of process of policy development and identification of the roles of main stakeholders, the drafting of policy is the second phase and the third phase comprises of the endorsement and official approval of the policy. The phase one comprises of four steps including assessment of the situation, raising awareness, identification of the leadership and political commitments and final step is the involvement of the stakeholders and creation of ownership. The phase two consists of three steps like the defining of the framework, setting of the objectives and interventions and the third step is the leading of the policy into action. Finally, the third phase is the seeking of approval from the government and stakeholder and getting state endorsements (Nanda and Pring 2012). Initiation of process of policy development This phase consists of the assessment of the current scenario with respect to child abuse or neglect, creating awareness for the issue, political sense of leadership and commitment and involvement of stakeholders. For the assessment of a situation, a good understanding is required regarding the epidemiology, intervention, existing policies of child abuse or neglect and a n analysis of stakeholders. This assessment step helps in widening the scope for the directed policy making where every type of child abuse is tackled and linked to the health strategies and plans. The epidemiological assessment is the collection of data at the national level. It gives a clear picture of the incidence of child abuse, causes, risks and other protective factors. The intervention assessment gives a clear view of the existing interventions that are I tended to prevent child abuse or neglect. It also helps to reduce the harmful consequences of the child abuse. The assessment of the existing health policie s, laws and regulations would help to frame the new policy. The implementation of the current policies and the regulations are the important steps involved in it. The analysis of stakeholders would help to throw light on the social environment where the development of the policy is being undertaken. The government departments, institutions and nongovernmental organizations are the potential stakeholders. The raising of awareness about child abuse along with community education and advocacy influences public, policy making opinions and programs that are helpful in mobilizing the policy development process. The leadership and political commitment is required for policy development as the policy stretches beyond a particular sector at the national level. The main leadership quality is to coordinate inputs directed towards policy making. The involvement of stakeholders increases motivation and ownership. It encompasses stakeholders that are empowered to solve the issue for which the policy is being made. Community participation is important to tackle abuse and develop policy. Formulation of policy The defining of framework is the recommended approach to policy documentation, direction and overall shaping of the policy. The goals and objectives of the policy, timeframe and the guiding principles of the policy are defined in this step. It should also justify the policy needs, data recourse, mortality and morbidity related to child abuse. The human rights, equity and social justice, autonomy, dignity and community involvement are the general principles that guide the policy making. The setting of objectives and interventions consists of main body og policy. The outcomes of policy implementation define the objective, requirement of base line data for quantifying objective. The objectives include components of child abuse control based on data, setting of sub objectives to address each type of child abuse, identify relevant I interventions and its effectiveness. It also includes sequence of interventions according to their effectiveness. For the implementation phase, it is importan t to set priorities depending on type of child abuse and other factors in shaping of the policy. Prevention is directed more in reducing violence that leads to child abuse and deciding priorities within the scope of making of policy would define the different stakeholders and appropriate interventions. It is also important to define the responsibilities of the institution and coordination of mechanisms between the national entities and ministries in policy documentation (Petersen, Joseph and Feit 2014). Without proper financial and human resources, the policy cannot be developed. The training, costs for implementation, funding sources from national and international agencies decides the degree of success of the policy. The monitoring and evaluation of the policy drafting is the final step. The evaluation of policy helps to know the loopholes in the policy development. Approval seeking and endorsement This is the final step in the policy development starting with approval from stakeholder and government. A consultative meeting of the stakeholders discussing about structure, content of the policy document with each stakeholder commenting on the draft, discussing the opportunities and constraints in the implementation of policy involves the stakeholder approval. The stakeholders hold an important position in policy making and their approval is vital for implementation. The government approval is important before the policy is recognized by a legislative or state body. The government approval gives advantage to a person or organization within government to play leadership role in the process. The policies are required to be approved by the monitories before the state endorsement. The coordination between several ministries and their commitment is desirable for attaining the highest level of approval in policy making. An officially approved policy document helps to considered being be st and resistant in terms of changing political climate and government. A policy that does not seek approval through different legislative or government body faces failure in the long run. Therefore, approving of policy document would help to implement the policy firmly according to political agenda (Buckley and Nolan 2015). References Allwood, M.A. and Widom, C.S., 2013. Child abuse and neglect, developmental role attainment, and adult arrests.Journal of research in crime and delinquency, p.0022427812471177. Anderson, J.E., 2014.Public policymaking. Cengage Learning. 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